Orange SPV M 3100: A Perfect Business Phone

 Fragrance  Comments Off on Orange SPV M 3100: A Perfect Business Phone
May 242023
 

Did you miss the urgent appointment with a client this afternoon? Do you tend to forget all the important schedules of your business? Is your diary becoming redundant day by day?
You need to change your mobile phone. Confused? Now you can ease work worries with Orange SPV M3100 phones that are truly designed keeping in view the requirements of the corporate world.


Orange SPV M3100 takes care of the schedules that you need to follow by synchronising the important information and planning your itinerary according to your requirements of the day. Like a true business phone, Orange SPV M3100 enables you to access to the word documents .You can prepare and edit your presentations and projects while on the go. You can also read Excel and Power Point and PDF documents very conveniently with the help of this mobile. By the Bluetooth technology, you can very easily transfer the important data and documents to your colleagues.


Orange SPV M3100 also facilitates browsing the internet or document reading. If you want to have a conference call to your colleagues in the other part of the globe, that is easily possible through this amazing phone. It also makes video calling very convenient with just a tip of your finger. With this phone by your side, your office becomes accessible anywhere and anytime. Are you worrying about the connectivity? Orange SPV M3100 business phones are offering connectivity with the networks like 3G, EDGE, Wi-Fi and HSDPA networks. So the phone keeps you linked to the world.


As far as the orange phone deal is concerned, there are many interesting contract deals that are available totally online. You can go to any internet marketing shop and select orange phone deal that suits your requirements.


If you are in a dire need of a phone that works like your personal secretary, Orange SPV M3100 is worth it.


Mobile Phone

Nokia 8800: One of the top fashion phones

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on Nokia 8800: One of the top fashion phones
May 232023
 

The Nokia 8800, another fashion phone from Nokia has a strong focus on fashion and design. The Nokia 8800 is both heavy and sleek at the same time. The long list of features include a 0.5 Megapixel camera and digital music player, Bluetooth, GPRS, EDGE, an FM radio and also a digital music player supporting AAC and MP3 formats. The phone offers 64 MB of internal memory for storage of images and music, an integrated handsfree speaker, XHTML browser and polyphonic and MP3 ringtones. For enhanced graphics, there is a 3D image engine.


The handset meets the consumer needs who wish to have premium handsets. It is top of the line fashion handsets capable of meeting the demands of consumers who are looking for image and style.


The triband phone offers a full colour 208 x 208 pixel display, complete with SVGA camera offering both image and movie functions. The digital music player and an integrated music player would never let you feel short of entertainment. The handsfree speaker allows you to have a conversation without having you to hold the handset. For speed and reliability, there is built-in EDGE technology. The triband technology allows you to enjoy GSM coverage on upto five continents. You can keep in contact with your friends with the integrated messaging service messaging services that include text messaging (SMS), multimedia messaging (MMS), email & instant messaging. The email supports POP3, SMTP, IMAP4 email formats provding you a great method of communication. The multimedia messaging lets you send text, photos and sound to any MMS compatible phone.


If you are looking for a luxurious and premium handset, with elegant design and excellent performance, this phone is for you. Attractive deals, offers, free gifts and lots more on Nokia 8800 are waiting for you to be explored.


Mobile Phone


Buy Nokia 8800 mobile phone from uk leading phone shop with Orange mobile phone network.

Internet Marketing Made Easy

 Flowers  Comments Off on Internet Marketing Made Easy
May 222023
 

Going by the simple definition of Internet marketing, it is an underlying key to your website promotion. In today’s fast running world, no one has enough time to sit back to view each and every detail of your product and services. Standing out in today’s hyper-competitive online marketplace is not an easy task. Here is when internet marketing techniques unveil their potential. They teach you to leverage ways by which you can provide your visitors with exactly what they are searching for.

Undoubtedly, one wants to avail the internet marketing solutions that are affordable as well as convenient to follow up for the future. Today, services available by proficient internet marketing consultants have made it possible thereby enhancing your online presence and satisfying you on all counts. Indeed, you can get your internet marketing solutions customized depending on your requirements. This further helps you give your marketing materials their own personalized identity. A quick search in any leading search engines for an internet marketing consultant or an internet marketing company leads to a tremendous number of possible alternatives.

There is a growing buzz about outsourcing internet marketing services to India and this has been growing over the past few years. Be it technical expertise or the strategic requirement for sheer manpower, India has proved its mettle in bringing about a revolution in the IT sector. You can also consider approaching any reputed internet marketing company in India to create a strong branding that will soon have customers calling you. Apart from being a cost effective option, it will bring you the benefits of high quality support meeting international standards in addition to reliable communication facilities.

Online Internet marketing deals with both technical and advance ways to get a website requisite visibility by ranking higher in the listings. Though anyone can start with employing the SEO procedures seeking the advice of internet marketing company or internet marketing consultant ensures you the necessary expertise. However, never rush the process and be patient enough to compare the offerings of the different internet marketing companies. Be wary of companies that try to hook the customers with outrageous claims of providing them with overnight success.

Nokia 7360: Beauty with brain

 Computer HW  Comments Off on Nokia 7360: Beauty with brain
May 212023
 

Beauty and the brain together—the Nokia 7360, the beautifully crafted, stylish and luxurious phone belongs to Nokia’s newest L’Amour collection. The phone is itself an inspiration of what you call beauty. The glistening metallic finish gives the phone a trade avant-garde glamour. Apart from the design and the architecture it has, the handset is endowed with features enough to entertain you, connect you with the world and lots more.


The Nokia 7360 being stylish and inspirational, comes in two different sensual colours i.e., coffee brown or warm amber. It is very light in weight (92g) and measures 105 x 45 x 18 mm. The sleek and compact mobile phone is integrated with VGA camera to grab the unforgettable or chance moments. The built-in camera can be easily changed into a video record mode that functions as a camcorder. Capture the moment in a real life video clip anywhere and anytime.


The handset is equipped with FM radio that is gifted with stereo sound to enjoy your favourite radio station. The other means to enjoy is through built-in java games. Exercise and refresh your mind anytime.


The Nokia 7360 makes the thing easier with its user-friendly keypad and applications. The MMS (Multimedia Messaging) facility allows you to send photos, images, text, sounds and voice clips to other compatible handsets. The mobile phone also features SMS, flash messaging and instant messaging (chat) and gives you a variety of choice to share feelings.


World is not enough–WAP service in the Nokia 7360 lets you connect the world and share information through email. The handset also allows you to save the pictures, video clips in the 4MB memory space.


If you appreciate beauty, you will definitely go for it. Grab the opportunity through 7360 deals available on different networks. Choose any of the tariff plans such as Canary, Dolphin, Racoon, etc., and get it now.


Buy Nokia 7360 mobile phone with Orange and O2 mobile phone networks.

Nokia N73: Superb camera, multimedia and much more

 General  Comments Off on Nokia N73: Superb camera, multimedia and much more
May 202023
 

Nokia N73 is really a digital power package very well supported by various exciting features. This time, Nokia N-Series added another folio in its enriched bequest. With so much to offer, it would not be fair to call, Nokia N73 a mobile phone rather than a multimedia computer. Yes, these exciting features earned this upright status for the Nokia N73. All the best things very well crystallized together to create a rush for Nokia N73 deals.

Let your inner photographer live with the Nokia N73 to capture the world from different angles. It is loaded with a high quality 3.2-megapixel camera, which comes with Carl Zeiss optics to add desired value to photo quality. Moreover, photography becomes an easy affair for anyone because of its mechanical shutter and advanced auto-focus, which easily reduces the movement distortion. So, easily get all those sharp and vivid images, with each and every detail even in dull or low light conditions. There are other regular features of a camera phone such as review, zoom and slide facility. Just, click, click and treasure your favourite moments.

What would you do after clicking? Of course, you would like to share. Nokia N73 lets you share your pictures easily. All you need to do is to press one key to send, review and to print photos. Moreover, you can also create exciting slideshows by using the pan-and-zoom effects and stereo music. For sharing, user can also take the services of Flickr—the largest photo sharing community. Just upload your photos directly from your Nokia N73 to Flicker website and let your friends see your creative work.

Nokia N73 is endowed with an in-built digital music player to add music in your life. Its stereo speakers can give you that ultimate sound to feel the music. Furthermore, you can make a collection of all your favourite tracks. To get every little detail about the song, you can switch on to visual radio. To increase you music store, you can also use the miniSD memory cards. Just connect yourself with the Nokia N73 and make maximum use of multimedia features.

Mobile Phone

Today’s College Textbooks – A Burden for Students Nationwide

 General  Comments Off on Today’s College Textbooks – A Burden for Students Nationwide
May 192023
 

Despite their continuously increasing prices, thousands of college textbooks are still being sold in bookstores all across the United States. At present, college students have very few alternatives to expensive curriculum-required textbooks available for purchase in campus bookstores and other similar offline resources, often being required by faculty members to buy updated, new study materials instead of more affordable and equally effective used textbooks. Even when not pressured by teachers to buy new study materials, students experience serious difficulties in quickly finding the right used college textbooks, or realize that used study materials aren’t a good bargain at all. In many cases, used college textbooks are only 10-15 percent cheaper than their new counterparts, students still having to spend a lot in order to enter in possession of such textbooks.

While most students are making great financial efforts to obtain their required textbooks, publishers and editors are continuously adding to the burden, permanently aiming to increase their profits. According to recent studies conducted by the National Association of College Stores, the college textbook industry is an impressively lucrative business, with overall profits of more than $6,5 billion every year. Another recent study conducted by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reveals that the cost of the average college textbook increased by more than 180 percent since 1986, at present students having to spend about $900 a year to ensure a minimum number of required books. Students enrolled in classes such as art history or sciences often pay even higher annual bills, as textbooks specific to these subjects are more expensive to produce.

There are various reasons why the costs of college textbooks have exploded over the last few years. The primary reason why the average prices of curriculum-required college textbooks have reached today’s exaggerated proportions consists in the publishers’ ongoing efforts to include additional learning material in order to serve as many categories of students as possible. However, besides being very expensive, eclectic, polyvalent college textbooks are also less comprehensive and in many cases, poorly structured. With all that unnecessary material which is regularly being added, the results are often huge college textbooks that can’t be properly studied during a single semester.

Another reason for the high costs of today’s college textbooks consists in the abundance of “helping” materials which accompany many existing editions: CD’s or more recently, DVD’s. Although most teachers admit that such additional materials are rarely useful and substantially raise the costs of college textbooks, they have been rapidly labeled as “modern educational tools” and are often included in reviewed, updated textbook editions. Apart from being very expensive, college textbooks that include learning resources such as course CD’s and DVD’s, or website access can’t be subsequently resold, thus preventing students from recovering a part of these materials’ original cost.

The good news is that students can still close good deals when buying college textbooks by turning to the Internet for help. There are hundreds of high-quality online bookstores and other similar online resources that offer students the opportunity to purchase cost-effective, new or used textbooks. Although such websites enjoy good exposure and have become very popular in the recent years, the offline college textbook industry continues to hold the supremacy on the market. However, if the prices of new and used college textbooks available in traditional bookstores continue to rise at today’s rate, textbook-offering online resources are expected to be assaulted by customers in the near future.

Overview of the Online College Textbook Market

 General  Comments Off on Overview of the Online College Textbook Market
May 182023
 

Due to the rocketing prices registered in today’s new college textbook market, lots of students have turned away from the campus bookstore and other similar resources, hoping to close better deals inside used bookstores or on the Internet. At present there are thousands of online bookstores and other specialized online resources that offer students a helping hand in finding their required textbooks for reasonable prices, so many different categories of college students have recently decided to strictly shop online when they need to add several new names among their college book collection.

Most college textbook-offering online resources are very well structured, easy to use and grant students the opportunity to purchase their required college textbooks (both used and new) for only a fraction of their offline cost. With elaborate online textbook market research and a little luck, students can enter in possession of their desired textbooks for less than 40 percent of the original price!

Decent online college textbook sellers also benefit students with other advantages, such as: extensive offer (given the continuously growing interest of today’s students in buying textbooks online, hundreds of new volumes are being added every week in the online database), possibility to find the desired textbooks in less time and with less effort (students can search for textbooks in online bookstores’ database by author, title, edition, ISBN code and so on), low delivery costs (for more substantial purchases, students benefit from generous discounts and in some cases, even gratuity for textbook delivery), efficient, dedicated services (prominent online bookstores respond to customer’s needs and desires with professionalism, offering prompt feedback and properly handling each transaction) and the possibility to sell back unneeded textbooks for competitive prices (if the previously purchased college textbooks are in perfect condition, students can even establish their own price when selling them back online).

College textbook-offering online resources offer an entire series of advantages, but they also have some minuses. Probably the most frustrating disadvantage consists in slow delivery. With most online bookstores, even if they rapidly find the desired volume names for the right price, students may have to wait anywhere from 10 to 20 business days before they can finally enter in possession of their purchased textbooks. For this fact, students who decide to shop online for their required college textbooks should arm themselves with a lot of patience! In order to ensure that you will obtain your desired books right when you need them, it is advisable to purchase multiple volumes at once at least a month before the beginning of each semester.

One on top of the other, the Internet is by far the best place to look for a bargain when you need to buy curriculum-required or extra-curricular college textbooks. The trick is to do a deep market research, find the right textbook sellers and make the right purchases. With a little luck, you will be able to partially or entirely recover the investment at the end of each semester by selling back unneeded textbooks.

There Is More Than One Way To Skin…A Real Estate Deal With Seller Flexibility In Selling Property

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on There Is More Than One Way To Skin…A Real Estate Deal With Seller Flexibility In Selling Property
May 172023
 

Jack and Mary were desperate. Mary received a big promotion in another state and Jack was looking for a new job in the same city. It was just too good to pass up. Mary was a rising star in the health care industry and with the huge pay boost and promotion it was a job she had dreamed of ever since leaving graduate school armed with her MBA. Jack was a natural born salesperson and could work anywhere selling just about anything. He liked high tech sales in the high ticket electronics field and was close to catching on with a company in the same city as Mary’s new job. One problem, they had a large house to sell in a very slow and slumping real estate market.

Jack and Mary counseled with the local real estate ace that had long been the resident expert Realtor for their community. They had been in their home for six years and with the past real estate surge they had lots of equity now. Because this was happening so fast, Mary moved to a small apartment near her new job. The relocation price offered by the company was way too low for what they felt they could command in the market. This option was rejected. With ongoing brain storming with Tyler the Realtor, the scenarios included, lease options, lease purchase, and a seller held second. The lease scenarios would be the iffiest of the three. Jack and Mary instructed Tyler to hold the price and offer to pay the selling Realtor a selling fee plus a bonus of $2,500 and agreed to pay the closing costs and prepaid expenses (pre-paid interest, tax and insurance escrows) up to an offered $14,000. Likewise, Tyler was instructed to offer through the MLS selling terms to include a seller held second of 5% to 10% of the purchase price. The list price of $475,000 would mean that the Jack and Mary were willing to hold a second mortgage of 5% Loan To Value (LTV) or $475,000 x 5% = $23,750 or 10% LTV at $475,000 x 10% = $47,500.
Tyler, the listing Realtor, had been in discussion with a mortgage broker active in their area and had some clients that could only get a 90% to 95% LTV first mortgage. They had some credit dings, which were holding them back. Each had fully documented income and was making good money. There were valid reasons for their rocky credit history and both needed time to rebuild their credit. Tyler showed the home to both the prospective buyers who had credit challenges. The first couple didn’t like the kitchen layout or the back yard size. The second couple liked the house and had similar reservations but with the flexible financing they figured they could live with it and make changes and improvements down the road when they could refinance down the road and get sufficient monies to do some home improvements.

Jack had closed up the house and had moved with the furniture in tow to join Mary at her new location. The furniture was put into storage in hopes that it wouldn’t be there long with Realtor Tyler on the case. Jack had been actively working on his job hunt in the new city for two weeks now. Tyler was now on the phone presenting the offer from the buyers who needed seller help. The buyers would need Jack and Mary to pay $15,000 in closing costs and prepaid expenses. Tyler was making the deal himself so there was no bonus involved. The offer was based on a seller held second mortgage of $47,500 with an interest rate of 10% with a 30-year term and a three-year balloon. The payments would be $416.85/month. At closing, Jack and Mary would payoff their first mortgage of $200,000 and would get somewhere around $188,000 in cash at closing and the seller held second of $47,500.00 paying $416.85/month. Tyler went on to explain that the buyers were putting very little of their own money in the deal and explained the downside risk involved if the buyers defaulted. The only way they could protect their 2nd mortgage equity would be to buy in the first mortgage or just take the loss. Tyler and the mortgage broker, with the buyer’s permission, indicated that Jack and Mary were in essence underwriting the 2nd mortgage loan on part of the buyers. It was up to them to pass or deny.

On weekends Jack and Mary were looking at new homes, which might meet their needs. One in particular, due to the soft market, the builder was offering major concessions and sales inducements including paying all the closing costs and prepaid expenses. With potentially $180,000 cash available for any purchase they were looking at a builder deal loaded with incentives for a home worth $750,000, which they could now buy for $650,000. The nagging fear was what would happen if the 2nd mortgage payer defaulted. Since, it was up to Jack and Mary to pass on the buyer’s credit worthiness, with the buyer’s permission, they went over their entire credit package and personally interviewed them on the phone to find out something of the character of the buyers and the back ground of the of how the credit dings had taken place. It turns out it was a temporary medical problem that had put them behind the eight ball and precipitated their credit dings. Jack and Mary decided to take the deal. Since the buyers had been already pre-qualified, the sale took place in two weeks.

Jack and Mary, with closing funds in hand, closed moved into their new home. Six months had passed and the buyer’s of their prior residence had made their second mortgage payments on time as agreed. The home had everything they wanted in a home except a pool and spa. The dilemma for Jack and Mary, even though they had got an incredible interest rate in the soft market they were reluctant to incur any additional debt with the 2nd mortgage paying off in now 2.5 years. Jack received a letter in the mail from an investment note buyer who was offering to buy the note at a discount since the note now has some “seasoning”. Running the math, with the investor getting a 15%+ yield on a 10% face rate ballooning in the next 30 months were offering to buy the note for $42,900 cash. Just for grins, Jack being the super salesman and dealmaker had been working on construction quotes with a pool contractor. He had managed to negotiate a $5,000 reduction and could put everything they wanted for $40,000. Pool contractors were slow right along with the rest of the real estate market. Jack and Mary showed the documentation to the note buyer that indicated six months of on time payments together with copies of the note and mortgage. The note was sold netting out $42,000 in cash. The pool was built the following week. Life was good.

Soft markets can lead to flexible terms which can help complete real estate deals. Keep and open mind. There is more than one way to skin a…real estate deal.

Dale Rogers
http://www.sellerhelpsbuyer.com
http://www.brokencredit.com

Start you own business in a easier way

 Flowers  Comments Off on Start you own business in a easier way
May 162023
 

More people are going into business. However, many are not mentally prepared. Many are lacking the business knowledge when they first start their business. You can get some key points here in starting your own business.

1. Watch your cashflow

Cashflow is the bloodline of your business. Most business fail because they ran into cashflow problem. Most new business owners start to spend lots of money before the businesses start making money.

Spending money on renovating luxury offices, buying unnecessary things or renting too big an office space. Even buying small items can bring huge burden to your to your cashflow.

If you are not someone who is good at managing cashflow, get someone who is good to do it for you. My business partner is good at that, she is the one who manages all the money in the company.

In the first year of our business, she had stopped me numerous times in buying unnecessary things.

Learn to watch your cashflow. Your business depends on it.

2. Marketing business

When I was young, someone told me this, “as long as you start a business, they will come and you wil be rich.” That may be true many years ago. But it’s no longer true now.

When you start your business, you must make known to the world. Tell everyone about your business. Learn to do effective marketing not just marketing that everyone else does.

All businesses are in the business of marketing. If you sell pens, you are also in the business of marketing. Just that you are marketing pens.

Marketing is a huge subject. Many business owners start business without knowing even the basic of marketing. I done lots of test about marketing. I started to learn about marketing five years ago. Only in the last years, I discover I had moved to a deeper level in understanding marketing.

3. Negotiate, Negotiate, Negotiate

Learn this skill and you can get many good deals. You may even get people who’s willing to work for you free. A tip for you before going into a negotiation is to understand what the other party wants. Know that and you’ll find your negotiation goes much smoother.

Understand this point, negotiation is about win-win. Creating a win-win deal in a negotiation. If a negotiation turns to win-lose, one party will definitely walk away from the deal.

4. Taking care of your customers

You have to think your customers as long term friends. If you take care of your customers, they will take care of you. Build trust and rapport with your customers, they will buy from you for a life time.

Build a system so that you can always keep in touch with your customers. When your business grows, you do nt have the time to keep in touch with all of your customers. That’s when this system will come in handy. Build it early, so you will not lose any customers.

Get yourself prepared for a new business. Be mentally prepared, physically prepared too. You will find great success in your business if you are prepared.

Real Estate Investing

 Uncategorized  Comments Off on Real Estate Investing
May 152023
 

Introduction:
Real estate is a business, where the realtors will be dealing in an immovable property, like land, buildings. Real estate is also called as immovable property where it deals in a permanently fixed property. It is also considered as real property or realty. There are two ways of starting the real estate, one understanding the concepts and have connection with real estate investors and the other is attending the general association/clubs/meeting the real estate business. The term realty refers to immovable property like land, building and personally refers to movable property like automobiles, patents, shares etc. Sometime people try to distinguish the difference between realty and personalities, the term real property or realty or real estate have same sense. But in civil law jurisdiction, it refers to immovable property.

Do we need a huge amount to invest in real estate business? Real estate business does not constitute a large some of investment. If he invests a little some of money is enough to carry the business. Investing initial capital and starting a business has a huge advantages but real estate business does not need a huge investment. Even if he invests, he can get back in a shorter period. There are many ways to collect funds to run the business.

Real estate brokers: a broker is a person who act as an intermediately between the buyer and the seller .He find out a person who wills to buy and sell the real property. In America, the connection was initially recognized with reference to the English common law of agency where the broker having a good relationship with his customers. In UK, the term estate agent is referred to a person or organization whose function is to market the real estate. In America, when they act as buyers brokers, they will purchase the property for a reasonable consideration. While, they became a sellers brokers they sell the property for a price which will fetch them a reasonable profit. Brokers without license they sometimes act as a customer agent.

Is licensed required for real estate business: license is not a important statement for real estate business. Each a have an individual right to sell and buy the property on their own interest. He needs to procure license only when he sells the property which does not belongs to him. But a licensed agent is well recognized in the market without his publicity. In United States, in most jurisdictions a person is essential to have a license in order to obtain payment for services rendered as a broker. Lawyers are also allowed as a broker or agent without acquiring a license.

Commercial real estate: commercial real estate constitutes of buying and selling of immovable property like land and those fixed to it. In this type, realtors share their land ownership among themselves. Commercial real estate consists of accumulated closing price. They involve in a process of buying and selling if land and buildings.

Advantages in real estate:
• Property and land are usually expensive; realtors fetch a maximum profit by selling.
• Real estators does not need a higher investment. If they have the ability to borrow is enough.
• With help of the realtors, we can buy and sell any type of property all over the world.

Conclusion:
One can easily understand the term real estate and how to invest in to it. Thus real estate is a business where buying and selling of fixed property like land, buildings. With the help of the brokers, we can buy and sell any type of property in any particular place. But, paying commission or brokerage is an expensive one.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

 Flowers  Comments Off on Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
May 142023
 

Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines just rules and principles within a commercial context; the various moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business setting; and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons who are engaged in commerce. Generally speaking, business ethics is a normative discipline, whereby particular ethical standards are advocated and then applied.

It makes specific judgments about what is right or wrong, which is to say, it makes claims about what ought to be done or what ought not to be done. While there are some exceptions, business ethicists are usually less concerned with the foundations of ethics (meta-ethics), or with justifying the most basic ethical principles, and are more concerned with practical problems and applications, and any specific duties that might apply to business relationships.

Business ethics can be examined from various perspectives, including the perspective of the employee, the commercial enterprise, and society as a whole. Very often, situations arise in which there is conflict between one and more of the parties, such that serving the interest of one party is a detriment to the other(s). For example, a particular outcome might be good for the employee, whereas, it would be bad for the company, society, or vice versa. Some ethicists see the principal role of ethics as the harmonization and reconciliation of conflicting interests.

Ethical issues can arise when companies must comply with multiple and sometimes conflicting legal or cultural standards, as in the case of multinational companies that operate in countries with varying practices. The question arises, for example, ought a company obey the laws of its home country, or should it follow the less stringent laws of the developing country in which it does business?

To illustrate, United States law forbids companies from paying bribes either domestically or overseas; however, in other parts of the world, bribery is a customary, “accepted” way of doing business. Similar problems can occur with regard to child labor, employee safety, work hours, wages, discrimination, and environmental protection laws.

Business ethics should be distinguished from the philosophy of business, the branch of philosophy that deals with the philosophical, political, and ethical underpinnings of business and economics. Business ethics operates on the premise, for example, that the ethical operation of a private business is possible — those who dispute that premise, such as libertarian socialists, (who contend that “business ethics” is an oxymoron) do so by definition outside of the domain of business ethics proper.

The philosophy of business also deals with questions such as what, if any, are the social responsibilities of a business; business management theory; theories of individualism vs. collectivism; free will among participants in the marketplace; the role of self interest; invisible hand theories; the requirements of social justice; and natural rights, especially property rights, in relation to the business enterprise.

Business ethics is also related to political economy, which is economic analysis from political and historical perspectives. Political economy deals with the distributive consequences of economic actions. It asks who gains and who loses from economic activity, and is the resultant distribution fair or just, which are central ethical issues.

 Older Entries  Newer Entries